What method cools components by slowing the speed at which the hardware operates?

The correct choice is passive cooling, which refers to methods of maintaining hardware temperature without using any mechanical components or electricity to cool the device down. Instead, passive cooling relies on the natural process of heat dissipation through materials that conduct heat away from the components and distribute it into the surrounding air.

As operating speeds are reduced, the amount of heat generated by the hardware also decreases. This approach can include the use of heat sinks, which are often made of materials like aluminum or copper that effectively draw heat away from critical components without the need for fans or pumps. By slowing the processing speed, passive cooling allows the hardware to run cooler, which can enhance overall stability and longevity due to lower thermal stress.

This cooling strategy is particularly effective for devices with lower power requirements, where active cooling mechanisms may not be necessary. It is also more silent than active cooling, as there are no moving parts involved. Understanding passive cooling is essential in hardware and operating systems, as it highlights one way to manage thermal performance without additional energy expenditure.