What type of memory is used for temporary storage while a computer is running?

The correct choice is RAM, which stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is a type of volatile memory that is used by a computer to store data and instructions that are actively being processed by the CPU. This temporary storage allows the CPU to quickly access the necessary information to perform tasks, leading to efficient operation of applications and processes.

When a computer is running, it loads programs and data from secondary storage (like a hard drive or SSD) into RAM. Since RAM is much faster than these storage types, it enables rapid read and write access, which is crucial for overall system performance. However, because RAM is volatile, it loses all stored information when the power is turned off.

In contrast, options such as ROM (Read-Only Memory) are used for permanent storage of firmware that does not change; SSDs (Solid State Drives) and hard drives are secondary storage devices used for long-term data storage, remaining intact even when the computer is powered down. Therefore, none of these alternatives serves the purpose of providing temporary storage while the computer is running as effectively as RAM does.